Animal Rights The Wolf Pack - 947 Words

Animal Rights Animals deserve their rights because they are living, breathing, and capable of feeling just like human beings. Animals are vital to sustain our ecosystem and the effects of the mismanagement in the commercial and gaming industries further devastate our environment. The wolf species, a top predator in the environmental ecosystem, naturally balances the animal population in our landscapes and, the order of the wolf pack is much like the order of the human species family unit. The social order of the wolf pack parallels to that of the human species in that the alpha male and alpha female keep order among the pack and work in harmony to cooperate in their roles to sustain the pack. Likewise, the male and female roles in the human species family unit maintain order and harmony to sustain the family emotionally, physically, and mentally. Much like the humans, the wolves’ attitude is a constant visualization of success whereby the term â€Å"work hard, play hard† is their way of life. In the wolf pack, when a wise adult wolf dies it not only devastates the entire wolf pack but jeopardizes them also. The absence of a wise wolf means the sacrifice of the years of experience, knowledge and leadership ability among the pack. In the sam e way, when the patriarch or matriarch of the family, or a great leader such as Martin Luther King whom affected change on humanity, and Einstein’s impact on a higher order of thinking, the society suffers. The wolf pack consists ofShow MoreRelatedWolves: The Things You Didn’t Know 875 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the â€Å"North American Wolf†. A meat eating mammal with the capability of weighing up to 180 pounds and reaching a height of sixty-three inches, the wolf is easily the largest member of the canine family. 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Its scientific name is Canis Lupis. Canis is the Latin word for dog. The genus also includes jackals and coyotes. Lupis is the Latin word for wolf. Gray wolves look similar to German shepherds, but the wolf has longer legs and bigger feet. The color of a gray wolf can range from black to white, but shades of gray are the most common. A unique feature about gray wolves is that the farther north you find them, the larger they are. Males can range from (nose-to-tail)Read MoreEvolution Of Dogs And The Wolf Dog Theory1153 Words   |  5 PagesThe theories in regards to the evolution of dogs and the Wolf-Dog theory have recently been brought into question. The Wolf-Dog theory originally formed our theory, study and practice of dog psychology, behavior and training. 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Darwin’s ideas surrounding morality and a natural socialRead MoreThe Company Of Wolves, By Peter Steinhart Essay1571 Words   |  7 Pageswolves are not simply subjects of study, but unique, individuals as well. Over the course of their observations, these men and women recognize that the individual characteristics and actions of these wolves suggest that there are certain aspects of wolf beh avior that science can neither fully prove nor disprove, which questions and puts an emphasis on the limitedness of human knowledge. This limitedness develops a necessity to imagine and romanticize various explanations for such behaviors. This experienceRead MoreEssay on Training A Dog Properly1240 Words   |  5 Pageshealth concerns (Right). Choosing the right breed will ensure that the owner and dog are compatible with one another. It is vital for your dog to understand that you are his or her pack leader. The instinct of wanting to be part of a pack is part of a dog’s natural psychology. In a dog’s mind, inclusion in his pack is a significant part of him. It represents his status not only to the dogs around him, but to any other dog he meets. It is in his primal instinct to belong to a pack, to keep it stableRead More The Yellowstone Wolf Controversy Essay1466 Words   |  6 Pageswere the ranchers who made a living in the areas surrounding the park. During 70 years of absence from the Rockies, the Grey Wolf had been protected under the Endangered Species Act that was passed in 1973. Since the wolf is under the protection of Endangered Species Act a person could be punished with up to a $100,000 fine and up to 1 year in jail for killing a wolf. Back in the 1850s there was a major population increase of the wolves in America, this was due to settlers moving west. TheseRead MoreSummary Of The Mexican Gray Wolves 1103 Words   |  5 PagesLuz Medina English 1101 Research Essay 9 December, 2016 Mexican Gray Wolves In fifth grade I was heavily obsessed with wolves. I had a wolf backpack, socks,shirts, you name it. I would constantly draw pictures of them. One day I checked out a book on wolves at my school library. After reading the book ten year old me learned that my favorite species of wolves were endangered. I felt bad because I didn’t want them to disappear. So I went onto the website wwf.worldwildlife.org, an organizationRead MoreWhy Wolves And Dogs Are Considered As A Sub Species Of The Wolf Species2879 Words   |  12 Pagesspecies or not. Recently dogs were reclassified from â€Å"canis familiaris† to â€Å"canis lupus familiaris† what means they are considered as a sub-species of the wolf species â€Å"canis lupus†. However, they are extremely close relatives and genetic studies prove that both share a common ancestry. We can consider a dog like tamed or domesticated form of a wolf. Even if they have a lot of similarities in common, there are also a few differences. Domestication often implies retention of juvenile characteristics

Major Depression A Disabling Illness - 1569 Words

Major Depression: a Disabling Illness or a Tool of Greatness Around one time in everyone’s life, they will suffer from depression, whether it’d be a short amount of time, or the complete opposite. Mentally the effect of depression are scarring, but when a depression victim finally sees the light of day from the withered dark forest, nothing could feel greater. Once the melancholy thoughts are overcome, a victim can grow as a person, appreciate the life they’ve been given, gain some maturity, and make sure they take the proper steps to never suffer from depression again. Most people suffer from Major Depression, and it exists largely in our community today, not just in the celebrities heard of over the news, but by many citizens in modern†¦show more content†¦Major depression is a mood disorder that causes people to feel dejected and have a great sense of despondency. This, in turn, affects the person’s ability to communicate with others, and thei r overall sense of the value of their own life. But there are people who don’t submit to major depression easily. Through the help of professional counseling, and even anti-depressants, major depressive disorder could be significantly reduced. And those who have suffered from, or may even still suffer today from MDD, are some of the most memorable authors and artists and celebrities citizens know of in modern society. Some of these irreplaceable giants include: Mark Twain, Stephen King, Vincent Van Gogh, and Robin Williams. All of them are good men and all have left their mark on American citizens today. Most of them didn’t have help with their illness and that soon led to their own demise. But some spirits can only take so much pain before they’ll finally snap. They were all strong for lasting this long, and leaving their mark on society. There is no shame in what they did, they chose their path, but not all people have to follow them blindly. Humans still have a chance to look back and assess things in their own eyes. See if they can fix the problem.

Dynamic Characters In A Tale Of Two Cities Essay Example For Students

Dynamic Characters In A Tale Of Two Cities Essay Dynamic Characters in A Tale of Two Cities. Charles Dickens is an influential writer in his time. Charles Dickens is born on February 7, 1812 in England. Many of the books he writes are classics. One of the his classics is A Tale of Two Cities. A Tale of Two Cities is about a group of people who get stuck in France at the time of the revolution and only a very dear friend saves them from living lives of sadness. In A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens uses dynamic characters that change drastically from the beginning to the end of he book. One example of a dynamic character is Sydney Carton. He is one of the idlest and most unpromising of men (83). Dickens also describes Carton as a problem or carelessness and recklessness (200). Carton is unpromising and reckless because the other characters in the book see him as a man who drinks too much and cant take care of himself. While sitting in Mr. Lorrys office with John Barsad and Jerry Cruncher Sydney Carton fills another glass with brandy, pours it slowly upon the hearth, and watches it as it drops (296). Sydney Carton spills the brandy to signify that he wont be a drunken man any more. Carton also changes in the aspect that he feels love towards Lucie. After Darnays first trial in England Carton treats Darnay to dinner at a local tavern. During their conversation Darnays love, Lucie, is mentioned. Carton feels no love towards Lucie at that time. He says, I am a disappointed drudge, sir. I care for no man on earth, and no man on earth cares for me (82). Soon after Sydney Carton finds himself falling in love with Lucie Manette. Carton says, For you and any dear to you I would do anything . . . . I would embrace any sacrifice for you and those dear to you . . . . think now and then that there is a man who would give his life to keep a life you love beside you! (147 148). Sydney Carton obviously changes his opinion on loving and caring. Sydney Carton is an example of a main character that is dynamic in A Tale of Two Cities. Dr. Manette is a second example of a dynamic character in A Tale of Two Cities. When Lucie, Mr. Lorry, and Monsieur Defarge meet Dr. Manette for the first time after his imprisonment, Dr. Manette is so weak that his voice is like the last feeble echo of a sound made long and long ago (38). Dr. Manette has a haggard, faded surface of face (187) from being in a prison cell for so long. Dr. Manettes features make him appear as an old man in the worst possible mental state. Over time and with love from his daughter, Lucie, Dr. Manettes mental state improves greatly from the time that he met his daughter. When he is reminded of his eighteen years in prison he relapses. During his relapses he cobbles. Cobbling is a profession he learned in prison and only practices when he is depressed; His shirt was open at the throat as it use to be when he did that work cobbling in prison; even the old, haggard face has come back to him. He works hard impatiently as if in some sense of being interrupted (187). Dr. Manette has been interrupted because he hasnt cobbled in a long tine. His mental state is changing for the better because he is cared for by the people he loves most. Near the end of the book Dr. Manette is trying to save Charles Darnay. At this point in time, Dr. Manette thinks little about his time in prison and the worst eighteen years of his life. The Doctor walks with a steady head: confident in his power, cautiously persistent in his end, never doubting himself (266). Dr. Manette was a dynamic character because he changes from a man who doesnt know his own name to a very confident man. .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801 , .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801 .postImageUrl , .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801 , .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801:hover , .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801:visited , .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801:active { border:0!important; } .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801:active , .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801 .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc5c0fd7e0d5782fb1f18c9f1e371b801:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Fury of Achiles in Homer's Illiad and Ovid's MetamorphosesJerry Cruncher is a third example of a dynamic character in A Tale of Two Cities. Jerry Cruncher hates

Thomas Kuhns Scientific Revolution

This paper looks into four major ideas that are at the centre of Kuhn’s ‘Structure of Scientific Revolution’. The four basic concepts are paradigm, normal science, crisis and Inconsumerability. Through discussing the given concepts, the paper will delve into Kuhn’s belief with regards to progress in science.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Kuhn’s Scientific Revolution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kuhn is credited for having changed the general understanding of progress in science. Traditionally, science was understood to involve a progressive linear movement or accumulation of insights. Contrarily, Kuhn illustrates that science is marked by dramatic shifts that are akin of violent revolution. It is only after a revolution that a stable phase follows; a conceptual world that is radically different from the initial one (Andersen, 2001, p. 25). Kuhn successfully challenge d the common notion that science is always objective. Scientific inquiry is not a purely independent venture (Ladyman, 2002, p. 98). Science is not purely objective because scientific inquiry does not happen in a vacuum. The scientists operate in a given setting and are affected or determined by their circumstances. Further, their work is based on established theories and facts whose truthfulness is accepted on trust. For example, a researcher in ecology has to have certain assumptions. The methodology he or she adopts was developed basing on given assumptions. Further, as an individual, the researcher has influences on self and from the environment that impact on his or her interpretation of study results (Ladyman, 2002, p.122). The researcher has to be clear about what he or she wants. Then, he or she chooses methods that will guarantee that he or she gets what he or she wants. There is a general bias in the working of the scientist; his or her efforts are geared towards ensuring he or she gets what he wants. This kind of concern changes the researcher from an impartial subject to a subject that is influencing towards achieving a given kind of result. The different phases or conceptual states are what Kuhn referred to as paradigms. Scientists in a given paradigm hold to a given set of collective beliefs or agreements (Robert, 1952, p. 132). They share in a perception or general approach to problems or challenges that they tackle. Each scientific undertaking happens in the context of a given theoretical frame work. There are certain assumptions that inform scientific inquiry or work. The assumptions or collective beliefs guide or form basis for kind of methodology adopted, data interpretation framework and general analysis schema. For example, psychologists researching on human behavior base their inquiry on given assumptions. If a researcher based the research on a behavioral as opposed to psychoanalytic approach, the data they collect and the basis on which the same is analyzed would definitely lead to different results or theories (Godfrey-Smith, 2003, p. 80).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Kuhn, it is the implicit paradigm assumptions that help distinguish sciences from other areas of study (Hoyningen-Huene, 1993, 169). The implicit assumptions of a paradigm act as criterion that is used in study or to validate study. The changes in the implicit assumptions lead to a paradigm shift. All paradigm shifts, according to Kuhn, happen through a revolutionary process. The hall marks of scientific revolution are a radical shift in theory and fact bases. A paradigm shift is a radical change in the way science as a study and criterion for accepting scientific findings is modeled. The phase between two revolutions or paradigm shifts is what Kuhn referred to as a normal science phase. Normal science according to Hoyningen-Huene (1993, 165) did not receive much attention or scrutiny until Kuhn developed his ‘structure of scientific revolutions’. During the normal science phase, scientists’ efforts are geared towards the consensus in assumptions (Hoyningen-Huene, 1993, 169). All theories and established facts support the status quo and deviating findings are considered out rightly wrong. In common practice, any findings that do not conform to established consensus or that contradict the basic paradigm assumptions are ignored. Instead of occasioning or triggering further research, such findings are considered as erroneous. Galileo’s findings, for example, were considered out rightly wrong because the basic assumptions based on Ptolemy’s theory was in line with the sun going around the stationary earth. Normal science is often shrouded in tradition and protected with a vengeance (Nickles, 2003, p. 143). Changing the status quo meets a lot of resistance because people generally fear the unknown. Therefore, a shift from a science paradigm also meets a lot of resistance. The resistance is occasioned by the fact that new paradigm often goes against expectations (Hoyningen-Huene, 1993, 177). The tension resulting from choice between maintaining status quo and charting new ground causes was referred to, by Kuhn, as scientific crisis. Science seeks to answer questions; however, scientific inquiry is ignited by a puzzle. The puzzle is a problem or incidence that can not be explained by existing assumptions. However, it is on the basis of the existing assumptions that the problem is analyzed. This paradox i.e. a problem that established assumptions have no explanations for but being investigated on the basis of the established assumption, is what Kuhn identified a crisis in scientific research (Nickles, 2003, p. 152).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Kuhn’s Scientific Revolution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Crisis in science occurs when occurrences, incidences or discoveries no longer fit into the schema of established theories (Godfrey-Smith, 2003, p. 83). Scientists can either use established assumptions to come up with a convincing explanation, the problem can be left for later scientists to deal with it or a paradigm shift occurs. A paradigm shift means that new assumptions that challenge old assumptions are created. The old assumptions have become like the common sense and thus challenging them is like challenging the obvious. The majority will see the proponent of a new paradigm as either insane or really foolish. If the new paradigm garners a critical few; a paradigm war is in the offing. A battle in supremacy or over which view is right ensures. The battle is supposed to be intellectual but in some instances it goes physical. Kuhn further raised objections against test by falsification; a method of testing theory that had been developed by Karl Popper . Popper’s view was that if a theory did not fit into existing schema or assumptions, then it was to be rejected. Theorists aimed at establishing theories or findings that would be universally accepted (Hoyningen-Huene, 1993, p. 170). However, as Kuhn argues, such a method is inconclusive and non-rational. As already indicated, science investigates into puzzles that current theories do not explain. If the current theories and assumptions can not explain the puzzle, then it would not make sense to discard findings that would warranty departure from already established assumptions (Nickles, 2003, p. 144). Rather than discarding, it makes more sense to investigate further into the given findings. Kuhn’s other contribution to the debate on progress in science was his rejection of ‘incrementalism’ (Robert 1952, p.132). He believed that scientific inquiry or progress does not necessarily lead to establishment of ultimate truths. It is latently and occasionally i mplied in discourses that developments in science have led to discovery or establishment of the ultimate truth. However, looking into the array of gray areas and contradictions in science, one can not be convinced so. Ultimate truths are far from being established in many areas of scientific interest. Commensurability in science refers comparability of theories (Ladyman, 2002, p. 117). If a theory can be compared thus judged conclusively based on established assumptions, the theory is commensurable. If a theory can not compare with established theories or guiding assumptions, such a theory is considered as incommensurable. According to Kuhn, scientific paradigms are not commensurable (Robert, 1952, p. 142).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Paradigm’s incommensurability is occasioned by the fact that change in paradigm is change in world view. Therefore, people in different paradigms can not compare their views because they base their theories on different world views. Secondly, often when paradigm shifts occur in science, methodology is also affected (Bird, 2004). If a study is done basing on a different methodology, there is not much ground for comparing it with another done based on some other methodology. Further, even the jargon or concepts used by different paradigms differ in a big way. The way concepts are related in one paradigm does not resemble another paradigm due to change in assumptions. Finally, Kuhn expressed that paradigm shifts happen after sometime. When a paradigm shift occurs, scientists’ training and even experience changes, which makes paradigms incomparable (Bird, 2004). From the foregoing paragraphs, it is clear that Kuhn’s ideas were in themselves seeds for a paradigm shif t. Traditionally, it was believed that science is progressive with one idea leading to another successfully until ultimate truths are established. Kuhn championed a shift in paradigm. The new paradigm challenges the claimed objectivity in sciences and obsession with comparability with established theories or knowledge. According to Kuhn, science progresses in a revolutionary way. The resistance to change due to established consensus and expectations make change or shift in paradigm very hard. Those who seek new ways or acknowledge unpopular findings that do not support established assumptions are met with insurmountable resistance. Reference List Andersen, H. (2001). On Kuhn, Belmont CA: Wadsworth. Bird, A. (2004). Thomas Kuhn. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Retrieved from file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Owner/LOCALS~1/Temp/thomas-kuhn.htm Godfrey-Smith, P. (2003). Theory and Reality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Hoyningen-Huene, P. (1993). Reconstructing Scientific Revolutions: T homas S. Kuhn’s Philosophy of Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Ladyman, J. (2002). Understanding Philosophy of Science. New York: Routledge Nickles, T. (2003). Thomas Kuhn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Robert, K. (1952). Introduction to Philosophy of Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press. This essay on Thomas Kuhn’s Scientific Revolution was written and submitted by user Madeline B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.