Residential Schools Essay

Some time before Europeans came to North America, native individuals had an exceptionally evolved arrangement of instruction. There was a lot for native kids to learn before they could make due all alone. Native older folks and guardians gave basic instincts to their youngsters, yet their history, aesthetic capacity, music, language, good and strict qualities. At the point when European evangelists started to live among native individuals, they reasoned that the sooner they could isolate youngsters from their folks, the sooner they could plan native individuals to live an edified (I. e. European) way of life. Private schools were built up for two reasons: division of the youngsters from the family and the conviction that native culture was not worth safeguarding. A great many people presumed that native culture was futile and kicking the bucket and every single individual would in the long run create and change to resemble the ‘advanced’ European human progress. Early private schools were like strict missions. Afterward, the crucial schools were regulated mutually by Canadian holy places and the central government, and for various years, private schools became official Canadian strategy for the instruction of Indian. . . Commonplace instruction educational plans didn't change to mirror the instructive needs of native youngsters. The seniors in actuality seen a significant change in the manner in which the youngsters were acting, they would decline to do errands and would regularly argue and frequently became violant. The school requested next to no in correlation. Dejection, affliction, disarray and misuse all must be borne in desolate quiet. Native youngsters keep on experiencing issues fitting in to the current schools, which are as yet structured around a culture outsider to their own. They were given garments and relegated a bed number. Native individuals have requested, and got, official expressions of remorse from the Anglican, United and Roman Catholic holy places which worked private schools. The entirety of this more likely than not been an amazing stun to the new â€Å"student† . Numerous things joined to make the experience hard for youthful native youngsters. Following quite a while away at school, kids frequently thought that it was hard to talk their native language. The private school experience keeps on plagueing First Nations training. The white man’s school repudiated everything these native youngsters had learned at home. â€Å"The association of the schools and the substance of the educational plan passed on to native kids that the human qualities, the political organizations, the profound practices and the financial systems of different Canadians were limitlessly better than the â€Å"primitive† methods of their customary ways of life. † Students started to accept that the functions and ceremonies which blended the profound and public activity of the network and gave its individuals a feeling of individual centrality and gathering personality, were â€Å"heathen† and â€Å"the work of the Devil.

Gullivers Travels Essays (651 words) - Gullivers Travels

Gulliver's Travels Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels releases the flaws of humankind. Alongside humankind comes an unavoidable blemish which at last brings down one's view of man. The satiric story happens in two inventive grounds called Lilliput, where the entirety of the occupants are a lot littler than Gulliver, the depleted boat specialist who figured out how to swim to shore after an awful tempest causes a boat wreck, and Brobdingnag, where the individuals overshadow the weak Gulliver. Each land differentiates in its style of government which helps in the disclosure of the issues of man. As portrayed in Swift's Gulliver's Travels, humankind has shortfalls and indecencies which diminish his honorability. Humankind's shortcomings regularly detract from how individuals see each other. At first, the apathy of man permits others to see him as dishonorable of respectability. Resting ?sounder than at any other time I[Gulliver] make sure to have done in my life,?(508) Gulliver unconsciously permits others to see him as a languid bum. Gulliver lean towards that the secretary convey Gulliver's obligation to the sovereign since Gulliver doesn't want to do so(512). Eagerly, humankind demands accepting the correct regard right away. By and by, Gulliver shows his nonaristocratic qualities by not permitting himself to sit still when he remains completely mindful that he remains binded by the string (508). Gulliver, when in urgent need of sustenance, ?found the requests of nature so solid upon me[him], that I[he] couldn't avoid indicating my[his] impatience,?(509) and promptly motioned for food by more than once staying his finger within his mouth further depicting the death of humankind. Unconscio usly, man sets himself up for catastrophe which takes away from his pride. Gulliver discovers a development wherein empty positions exist in the legislature, and individuals may perform such goes about as hopping high on a tight rope so as to acquire the position; notwithstanding, these demonstrations of ineptitude ?are frequently gone to with lethal accidents?(511). A war has happened various occasions among Lilliput and Blefuscu over which end of the egg to cut when breaking eggs, and numerous individuals have ?endured demise, instead of submit to break their eggs at the littler end,?(512) further outlining the ineptitude of man. Increasingly genuine events happen that compromise man's honorability. Extreme indecencies exist which reduce humanity's value. Cowardliness, for instance, stays unique of honorability. Gulliver cried in torment when the occupants of Lilliput shot him with several bolts which ?pricked me[him] like such a large number of needles?(508). The sovereign of Brobdingnag ?habitually rallied....[Gulliver]....on record of my[his] fearfulness,?(515) which made Gulliver less refined. Diverting from the value of humankind, deceptive nature lies as an unsafe snare for man. Surprised with the ?chronicled account?(515) that Gulliver gave the ruler of Brobdingnag, the lord would not acknowledge the stories. The ruler of Lilliput, uncertain of how Gulliver would act, ?blended dozing mixture in the hogshead of wine,?(510) additionally detracting from the lord's respectability by the ruler displaying his clandestineness. Trickery and derision, two terrible qualities of humanity, decrease the measure of nobility a man has. One of the smaller people continually pestered Gull iver by getting flies and purposely discharging them underneath Gulliver's nose to startle Gulliver(515). The lord of Brobdingnag impolitely discloses to Gulliver that ?the main part of [his] locals to be the most malicious race of minimal terrible vermin that nature at any point endured to creep upon the outside of the earth?(515). Humankind has defects and flaws which reduce his respect. Qualities, for example, numbness and fretfulness go about as shortfalls of man. Likewise, the dreadful indecencies of man including cowardliness and trickery take away from the respectability of man. These individual frailties detract from how one sees man. The issues of man stay avoidable given that an exertion by man is advanced so as to stop these negative events. Eventually, man makes his own death by getting these poor qualities that control his pride

How to get around MIT hunger pangs

How to get around MIT hunger pangs [by Sadie Scheffer 10] College? Its about classes and professors and shirts and ties! What am I not prepared for? Nowadays, most high school students will be leaving home to go to a university knowing little about life outside of their parents houses. Everything from how to clean your room to how to decide whether you should go to class can be a totally new experience for college freshmen. One of the most important changes for most people is the task of cooking meals. With LaVerdes open until 3am daily and 7-11 a quick walk away, it is hard to motivate yourself to learn how to cook. This blog will give you a few tips on eating well on the fly, and will hopefully inspire you to do a little kitchen chemistry on your own! A quick introduction to my recent kitchen escapades: I have been cooking for a long time with food I buy from grocery stores, but I havent thought about where that food comes from. This semester I have decided to look into that topic some more, and here is what I have learned: Dried Fruit! Dried fruit is perhaps the easiest snack you can make if you have an oven and a day to wait. Simply cut up your favorite fruits (I highly recommend kiwis, red pears, grapes and bananas) into thin slices, get a drying rack (although a baking pan or even just foil will work) and arrange the fruit so that it is exposed to the air (i.e. dont overlap). Stick the tray in an oven on the lowest setting and wait a day. Check on your fruit periodically, you may need to flip it, and some pieces may dry sooner than others. Fond of granola bars? Throw together some oats, nuts, chopped dates and any other seeds or fruits you like and spread them into a sheet on a baking pan. Cook this for a few hours at low heat, slice, and youve just made your own healthy energy bars! Another snack I recommend is banana chips with sesame seeds and honey. Just mix hot water with honey and sesame seeds (throw in a touch of sesame oil or hot sesame oil for a twist) and add some sliced bananas before drying them. The contraption I used to dry fruit is actually called a dehydrator. I thought it was a big deal to use this over an oven until I looked at the inside. It contains a twisted bar of aluminum that plugs into an outlet, just a simple heat source! So anything with a heating coil will work! You can even make your own dehydrator with a little bit of solder or electrical tape (The dehydrator has nicely stacking trays, but dont go out an buy one). Yogurt! What better way to accompany your home-dried fruit than with some fresh yogurt? Yogurt is great for your body because of all the live cultures it contains, and making your own yogurt ensures that they are active. To make a whole bunch of yogurt: pour a gallon of milk (any variety you like) into a large pot and heat it slowly. When the milk is about to boil (but before it does boil) turn off the heat and let it sit until it cools. This is important, because hot milk will kill the cultures in your yogurt. When the milk is still warm but comfortable enough to dip your finger in, you are ready to add your cultures. Heres the awesomely simple part: Add 2-3 tablespoons of any store bought (plain) yogurt. This is where all your cultures come from, and just 3 tablespoons will give you a pot of yogurt that you can cut with a knife, as some saying i heard once goes Once you have mixed your milk and yogurt, cover the pot with a plate and wrap it in a cloth or towel. Let it rest in a warm place overnight. I used the microwave once, and the oven another time (just write a note on the door to anyone on your hall that might be using said microwave or oven that night!). In the morning you will have a delicious pot of unsweetened yogurt. Add a little maple syrup or honey and it is a sweet snack. For those of you who like Greek style yogurt, pick up a cheesecloth at the grocery store along with a mini container of Greek yogurt (it uses a different culture than normal yogurt). When you have your gallon pot of yogurt in the morning, strain it through your cheesecloth with weights above it for 4-6 hours. This process can be a little oozy, but it is TOTALLY worth it when you get your Greek yogurt in the end. Ever wonder why Greek yogurt is so expensive? Try this and you will know why! Ginger Beer! Finally, wash down your awesome yogurt and dried fruit breakfast with a cup of non-alcoholic ginger beer! Start with a whole bunch of fresh ginger (or some powdered ginger) and grate it or cut it into little pieces. We used 40 tablespoons of fresh cut ginger to make 4L of ginger beer. It was super strong, so use as much ginger as you feel you can handle! Mix in a little cayenne pepper for an added kick, or some fresh berry pulp for a fruity flavor. Put your ginger mix into a cloth bag or cheesecloth bundle and drop it into a sealable bottle. Fill it with water, a ton of sugar (start out with about a cup and a half for a 2L batch of ginger beer). Stir it up and add about a teaspoon of active dry yeast. Cap it tightly and wrap it up in a towel. Leave it in a bath tub or something comparable over night. Youll see the bottle start to pressurize, so make sure to check on it after a day. Taste your ginger beer. If it is still very sweet, the yeast has not eaten up enough sugar, leave it for another day. If it is the right sweetness but not carbonated enough, add a touch more sugar. If it is perfectly carbonated, remove as much of the yeast as you can (it should be mostly on top) and add sugar to your desired sweetness. Warning: These bottles will get HIGHLY pressurized. Burp them every day at least once. If you forget for a few days, the bottle may explode. Not the biggest deal but definitely the biggest mess! It happened to us on a car ride, but at least the car smelled like ginger the rest of the way! Even if you have removed the yeast, continue to burp the bottle until you have finished drinking it. Needless to say, there are a gazillion variations of all the foods listed above, and you should experiment on your own! Hopefully you will make yourself some delicious snacks that you didnt pay an arm and a leg for at Whole Foods. Post any recipes you think are stellar! Id love to try them out! Thats all for now! Sadie

Fundamentals of Spatial Vision Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The images may be simple as well as the complex ones. The visual system deals differently with these two different types of images. Different visual information is being passed on forward at different spatial scales. When we see a cat, for example, our visual system functions in such a manner that a coarse spatial scale is conveyed to perceive the general shape of the cat but a fine scale for the hair of the cat. Different scales have different sized spatial fields. These visual fields contain superimposed receptive fields. The receptive fields are different in sizes but they are tuned to the different spatial frequency. That is how they collect even the discrete information of the image and convey them at different spatial scales. If the stimulation from the excitatory region of the retinal ganglion cell matches to that from its inhibitory surround, the effects are canceled out. During the synthesis of the square wave, the sine waves combine in many different patterns, the result i s the production of different types of images. The square waves have sharp edges and flat plateaus, while the sine waves don t have sharp edges and they have ripples. We will write a custom essay sample on Fundamentals of Spatial Vision or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

The Influence of the US and USSR in the...

During the period following World War 2.The new Zionist movement of Jews immigrating to the Middle East to establish a homeland for all Jews in what was now Israel after being displaced for many years. This led to conflict between the Arabs and the Jews about who had rights to this homeland, with both the Arab Muslims and the Jewish Israelis having biblical claims to the cities in the Middle East. This conflict was further fuelled by both the USA and the USSR as they were trying to spread their sphere of influence by supplying aid in the form of weapons, ammunition and support to gain access to valuable resources and water ways. However their involvement was not a direct factor leading to the conflict between Israel and the Arab states but rather prolonging it by supplying tools of war. To begin with the USA had strong interests in the Middle East due to its resource rich lands and strategic importance in the world and would secure these aims by aligning themselves with Israel to land a foothold in the Middle East. The USA had strong interests in the Middle East for two main reasons the first being oil. The USA has always put its sources of oil on a priority. So when the Middle East became unstable the USA’s first goal was to secure its source of oil. Secondly was the strategic location of Middle East being the link between three continents and home to the Suez Canal a vital shipping route from the Mediterranean to the Red sea. The USA also wanted to solidify the capitalist

The Philosophy of Filipino Culture Free Essays

Philosophy of Filipino Culture May 20, 2010 Crossing Cultures: A Philosophical Reflection on Filipino Culture and Cultural Transition Experienced by Third Culture Kids Oh it’s a mystery to me. We have a greed, with which we have agreed†¦ and you think you have to want more than you need†¦ until you have it all, you won’t be free. Society, you’re a crazy breed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Philosophy of Filipino Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now I hope you’re not lonely, without me. – Eddie Vedder (Society) In a world that is becoming increasingly smaller as globalization takes its universal toll on countries and cultures, the sentiments expressed in the lyrics of this song often resonate with the individual trying to find a sense of identity through society and feeling overwhelmed by it. As we have learned in class, an individual tries to concretize him/herself by acting in the world as a â€Å"dynamic X. † This characteristic, as explained by Max Scheller, is a universal factor inherent in everyone that drives us as humans to try to find our identity in a world that is constantly changing around us. Being a â€Å"Dynamic X† we ourselves are constantly changing, and we triangulate our sense of identity by comparing ourselves to the society around us to try and develop a sense of who we are through achievement, careers, personal preference of music, movies, literature and – most importantly – our name. It is through our name that we present ourselves and our capacity for historicity to the world. It is also through our name that we are known and recognized as part of a society. Considering the inherent characteristic of being a â€Å"Dynamic X† and how we use it to derive a ense of identity, the most influential factor which we use as a reference to triangulate our identity is culture. Culture, as we have learned in class, tells us how to be a person amongst others. The culture to which we are born into is something that we are affected by without having a conscious choice in how it affects us. As we develop into adults, we imbibe the cultural values, c ustoms and traits around us and form who we are through them. This process of imbibing a culture is forever ongoing, giving merit to the characteristic of being a â€Å"Dynamic X†. In its most general definition, culture can be seen as a code of systems and meanings which are unique amongst different diversities of people. Generally, most people are born and raised in one dominant culture to which they identify with as their own. Reflecting on this definition of culture and how we go about imbibing it as we develop our sense of identity, the question that this paper will attempt to answer is â€Å"what happens if a person grows up in several different cultures and how does it affect their own sense of identity? Falling into this unique and growing demographic, I personally have experienced growing up in several different cultures around the world. Being the son of a missionary couple, I have lived in three drastically different countries and cultures throughout my life. Having spent my early childhood years living in Jos, Nigeria, I assimilated into my identity certain â€Å"African† characteristics that I still feel have a hold on who I am today. Spending the bulk of my educational and developmental years here in the Philippines, I have also categorized my identity as being half-Filipino, an epiphany of sorts that only took place in my life after having experienced life alone in Philadelphia, PA U. S. A. All my life I have grown up with the mentality that the U. S is my â€Å"home. † Even though my mother is a full blooded Filipina, we were conditioned as children to believe that the U. S is where we would ultimately settle. This shaped my sense of identity significantly while growing up as I utomatically assumed that because I was an American citizen at birth I was 100% American. All that changed, however, when I graduated high school here in the Philippines and started college in the U. S. I soon found myself to be far different from the Americans around me. Several aspects of American culture, one that I associated as my own growing up, became increasingly difficult to relate to. I finally decided during my sophomor e year in college to move back to the Philippines to finish my studies. I regard that decision as one of the best ones I have made in my life. As I moved back here however, I also felt a severe distance and separation from the culture around me. This feeling led me to the realization that I was considerably different from people born exclusively into Filipino and American cultures. It was during my first months living back here that I realized I was a textbook example of what is known as a Third Culture Kid. According to sociologists David C. Pollock and Ruth E. Van Reken, a â€Å"Third Culture Kid (TCK) is a person who has spent a signfificant part of his or her developmental years outside the parent’s culture. The TCK builds relationships to all of the cultures, while not having full ownership in any. Although elements from each culture are assimilated into the TCK’s life experience, the sense of belonging is in relationship to others of similar background. † Throughout the last half of the 20th century, the TCK demographic has been growing significantly as international travel and commerce have been made extremely convenient. Being a type of identity, however, the TCK experience does not fully encapsulate what it means to be an individual, as the second sentence in the definition above points out. Lacking the option to â€Å"own† a culture or be fully recognized as a member of a society definitely affects the sense of individual identity of the TCK growing up. As experienced by me, the longing to be a fully integrated member of a culture or society can create extreme insecurities and dysfunctions in a person if they do not focus on the advantages of what a TCK identity has to offer the world. Using my TCK identity as a framework for understanding the Filipino culture, hich I consider now to be the closest to my heart in terms of who I am, I will attempt to reflect on certain aspects of it that I found difficult to relate with and transition into my own sense of identity. Looking at these difficulties I experienced while transitioning back into the Filipino culture, a better sense of who I am – the fundamental question of philosophy – can be achieved. Also, in regarding these observations as lessons learned on my part, I can better understand how I interact and deal with people here in the Philippines, which has been a longing of mine for quite some time now. The first aspect of Filipino culture that struck me as cultural barrier was Language. Even though I grew up here in the Philippines for the majority of my life, I was raised in an English speaking home and school system. Although I can understand Tagalog fluently, and speak it well enough to get around the city and hold casual conversations, my accent is what ultimately distinguishes me apart from other Filipinos. Filipino culture, while heavily influenced by American culture, is at the point were to fluently spoken English is somewhat looked down upon by the majority of the masses living here. A reason for this can obviously be found in the shift from English to Tagalog as the language used in the educational system that took place a couple decades ago. This attitude towards English speakers has also been enhanced due to the rise in BPO and call centers here in Manila. Having trained communication skills in two different call centers here, I can say with conviction that people who work there, a large and growing percentage of workers aged 19-35, have a subtle disdain for the language that makes it difficult for fluent speakers of English to be accepted as members of this culture and society. This, obviously makes sense since the national language of this country is and should always be Tagalog. It does, however, create difficulties when trying to transition into this culture; difficulties aided all the more by the fact that casual joking about English speakers (i. e. nosebleed jokes etc) have practically become a social norm. ( Reflecting on this cultural barrier as a TCK and Filipino citizen, I’ve come to realize the importance of language as a tool for the transmission of culture and values, as was stated in Berger and Lukmann’s article on Institutionalism. Having undergone two years of being made fun of (lightly) for my Kano accent while speaking Tagalog, I have also realized that my identity as a TCK can adapt to the cultural bantering with a healthier attitude now days. I no longer feel insecure about my â€Å"baluktot† Tagalog and have come to accept that the Filipino culture pokes fun of me without any malice – a characteristic of our culture that I have come to admire. Another aspect of the Filipino culture that I have had difficulty relating to and integrating into my own identity is the Shame-based aspect of it. Having gone to an American based international school system, my attitude towards confrontation and humor was definitively American. This differs drastically from the Filipino culture, where shame is regarded as the ultimate social taboo. In American culture, there is a mutual understanding that confrontation and directness is the norm when addressing issues between people. This trickles down into the humor of Americans, which is based on practical jokes and oriented more towards embarrassment. This difference in mentality can create a lot of offense to Filipinos. On the other hand, the shame based cultural aspect of the Philippines can also create confusion to Filipino-Americans like me, who have experienced instances where a â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† might not necessarily mean it. The confusion caused by this aspect of Filipino culture has dissipated over the time I’ve spent integrating myself into it. I feel now that my humor is more Filipino than American, and I can understand the dynamics of the shame based culture works. In general, I feel that overcoming this transition into Filipino culture has significantly helped me understand who I am as a Filipino-American. All in all, these aspects of Filipino culture, which have been overcome and assimilated by me have made me realize how much my identity is inclined and oriented towards this culture. Another aspect of culture that we learned about in class was that it changes after behavior changes. Being passed down from generation to generation, this characteristic also defines culture as constantly changing. The most significant realization that occurred to me about my identity as a TCK in relation to this definition of culture was that I have been more prepared to adapt and tackle change. As technology develops faster and faster, the rate of change in cultures worldwide increases. The unique advantage that I have as a TCK is that change and transition has been occurring in my life ever since I could remember. With the culture of ours gradually morphing into a culture of pressure to achieve, others who are not used to change and transition might not handle it as well as I can. This is the main advantage of being influenced by multiple cultures while growing up and I can say that as the world continues to demand individual responses to change, I am perhaps better equipped to handling them because of my TCK experience. How to cite The Philosophy of Filipino Culture, Papers

Consumer Behavior for Journal of Marketing- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theConsumer Behavior for Journal of Marketing. Answer: Consumer behavior is an outcome of a decision-making process. It is seen that customers are not rational actors, but they are irrational reactors who react according to the situation that induce them to do things that are often smart but many a time irrational. It is seen that the mind of the customer is not a clear slate; it is diverted through culture and experience. Classical economists suggest that customers are rational and take decisions to enhance their pleasure, but it is not the end of the story. It cannot be a complete story: customers can also be rational, but they are open to all habits that distract them from any strict rational behavior (Harnish Bridges, 2015). In an organizational context, the process of decision making is considered as a complex process. The process is based on the involvement of people at the time of taking decisions. Also, the rules and regulations that are implied are considered at the time of making decisions of the organization. For example : It is seen that the person who takes decisions and the influencer can work at various levels and it consumes more time when the deal is made from a supplier point of view. The process of decision making is a formal process. This is just because the decision makers conduct the activities in an organizational context and consider the rules and regulations that are given by the company. It is important to have vast knowledge and experience to deal with the suppliers so many companies invest more in their employees by giving training and ensuring that it is directly involved in the function of buying. Training helps to make correct decisions so that goals and objectives of the company can be accomplished. If vast knowledge is not there then it cannot be possible to conduct the activities smoothly. The focus is more on quality, price, after-sale service and delivery. It is seen that price is not only the criteria but rational thinking can be considered when the buyer give more importance to the supplier attributes, such as the capability to offer products to the specifications and to offer proper delivery to the customers. Organizational buying mainly depends on the goals and objectives of the organization. Organizational buying takes into consideration the decision-making process of the human beings. Hence it is seen that it is influenced by the values, attitudes, and styles of personality. It is seen that if pure rationality is applied then it can enhance the conflicts (Chen, 2015). Due to this, conflict takes place between the team members and interactions is also not possible effectively. If pure rationality is applied then it can be considered as one of the simple ways. Customer misbehavior gives negative impact on the business. It is analyzed that the public actions of the customers can give negative impact on the overall image of the organization. Customer misbehavior is important to be minimized so that company can easily grow in the market. At the time of marketing, it is important for the organization to train the employees so that they can deal with the customer misbehavior in a proper manner. It is analyzed that customer misbehavior is important to be managed properly so that sales can be enhanced effectively. The companies should give training to its employees by focusing on training recordings and role play. So that it can be easy to give training to the employees (Solomon, Dahl, White, Zaichkowsky Polegato, 2014). It is also analyzed that Employees who face customer misbehavior will encounter more stressful situations. So, the employees should be given rewards so that they manage each and every situation with efficiency. In the present scenario, advertising and the activities related to marketing has contributed to the macro effect that shapes the values and attitude of the customers in creating false needs and boosting the values and unnecessary consumption. It is analyzed that marketers take into consideration various strategies to shape the consumption pattern of the customers (Cosso-Silva, Revilla-Camacho, Vega-Vzquez Palacios-Florencio, 2016). This also focuses on the culture authority in which marketers are considered as cultural engineers who have good capability and methods to shape the requirement and desires of the customer and also it helps to promote the consumer culture in which the customers give responsibility to the marketers to analyze their taste in the products and services that are offered (Kumar Reinartz, 2016). The marketers try to attract customers towards the products and services so that company can easily enhance the overall goals and objectives. The strategic tools are ta rgeting, segmenting and positioning. The approaches and techniques focus on statistical, economic, sociological and psychological models and approaches have considered at the time of giving service (Kimmel, 2018). Segmentation is considered as a strategy that helps to divide the potential consumers into many groups. It is necessary to divide the customers into a group so that message can be delivered effectively. Just because of this success can also be achieved effectively. For instance: the requirements for women are different from men and also the motivator factor related to buying the product is different of adult and children. Products that are preferred by the customers are according to the age group. The company should consider the motivator factor according to the age group of the customers (Lantos, 2015). So, it is important for the marketers to create brand equity by targeting on one or more segments in the organization. At the time of marketing the product, the marketer should target one segment so that customer misbehavior can be reduced in a proper manner. If targeting is done properly then it can be easy for the company to reduce misbehavior of the customers. Marketing is considered as the best way to reduce misbehavior of the customers and it can help to accomplish and enhance the overall sales of products and services (Wilson, Zeithaml, Bitner Gremler, 2016). References Chen, S. C. (2015). Customer value and customer loyalty: Is competition a missing link?.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,22, 107-116. Cosso-Silva, F. J., Revilla-Camacho, M. ., Vega-Vzquez, M., Palacios-Florencio, B. (2016). Value co-creation and customer loyalty.Journal of Business Research,69(5), 1621-1625. Harnish, R. J., Bridges, K. R. (2015). Compulsive buying: the role of irrational beliefs, materialism, and narcissism.Journal of Rational-Emotive Cognitive-Behavior Therapy,33(1), 1-16. Kimmel, A. J. (2018).Psychological Foundations of Marketing: The Keys to Consumer Behavior. Routledge. Kumar, V., Reinartz, W. (2016). Creating enduring customer value.Journal of Marketing,80(6), 36-68. Lantos, G. P. (2015).Consumer behavior in action: Real-life applications for marketing managers. Routledge. Solomon, M. R., Dahl, D. W., White, K., Zaichkowsky, J. L., Polegato, R. (2014).Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Pearson. Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V., Bitner, M. J., Gremler, D. (2016).Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. McGraw Hill.

This essay will discuss the history of science

This essay will discuss the history of science-fiction film Gorts dominance is connoted in this extract through SFX in two ways. Firstly, Gorts might is shown when he annihilates two soldiers and their weapons; they are brushed away as though they dont exist. Secondly, Gort burns a whole in a brick wall showing his strength against one of Earths strongest materials. Gorts power and the fear the audience should feel about it is further demonstrated by the dialogue and acting. For example, Helen screams hysterically when she is alone with Gort. This is the only time in the film that hysteria is shown in any way and this informs the audience to show a fearful response. We will write a custom essay on This will discuss the history of science-fiction film specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Gorts power over people is denoted in his height as he is much taller than any of the human characters, and therefore looks down on all humans. This is further emphasised by the camera positions that show Gort in relation to other characters. For example in the scene where Gort annihilates the two soldiers the camera is tilted over Gorts shoulder showing an aerial view of them coming towards him, this connotes that the soldiers are much smaller than Gort, and it also denotes how much power Gort has over the Earth. Vladimir Props theory can be seen clearly in this extract. He suggested that every film and book consists of eight character types, a villain, a hero, a donor, a helper, a princess, a father, a dispatcher, and a false hero. The hero isnt always good, he is just the character the plot is set around, the helper gives something of magical content to the hero, the father congratulates the hero, and the dispatcher sends the hero on their way. The villain in this film is not a character but the conflict the hero is trying to stop, i. e. the cold war. The hero is obviously Klaatu, the princess is Helen, and the donor is Gort as he restores Klaatu back to life. The helpers in this extract are Helen and the professor as they help Klaatu call the meeting together. The professor is also the father, and, finally the dispatchers are the other planets Klaatu mentions in his speech. In the extract of the film I am reading the audience do not see the false hero, however from the rest of the film we know him to be Tom as it is he who starts the doubt in everyones mind that Carpenter (Klaatu) is a bank robber. Levi-Strauss suggested that every film and story is centred on binary opposites, two things that are completely opposite to each other, for example the homesteaders and natives in Westerns. In this film, the binary opposites can be seen to be war and peace. Representation and symbolism are extremely important in this film. These techniques can be seen not only in the negative and radical representations of war, but also in the religious representations. There are many connections between Klaatu and Jesus, and Gort and God. Firstly, Klaatu refers to Jesus by adopting the symbolic name of Carpenter. Gort also brings Klaatu back to life in this extract, as God resurrected Jesus. Klaatu protects the world from Gorts power, in the New Testament Jesus comes to Earth not only to spread a message of peace but also to protect the world from Gods wrath. This technique gives the message that there are no good guys in war a heavier impact. As the film is trying to give an important plea for peace, there are no hysterics from the characters. However, there is tension in this extract and, at one point Helen screams when she is frightened by Gort, but she controls herself and manages to talk to Gort sensibly. .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400 , .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400 .postImageUrl , .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400 , .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400:hover , .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400:visited , .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400:active { border:0!important; } .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400:active , .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400 .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u285a0804d42252ee0f89bf46fae65400:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare and Contrast Theater, Poetry and Fiction EssayThe rationality of the characters emphasises the importance of the films message. I like this film in that I feel it has universal meaning made by the message of peace and war and therefore will be respected for many years to come. I think the special effects are very good for the year this was made, especially the scene in the extract I studied, when Gort burns the brick wall down to save Klaatu. I feel tension is still created in the extract I studied, and the acting mainly does this. I found it interesting to see the film was used again to inspire many new films, and this built up my respect for the film as a piece o f Art. However, there are two things I found very poor, and would have probably put me off watching this film for leisure. Firstly, the language Klaatu and Helen use to speak to Gort is strange and slightly comic for 21st century viewers. Secondly, I found the non-diegetic sound dated and too mechanical. In conclusion, in The Day The Earth Stood Still, Robert Wise uses camera angles, sound, mise-en-scene, representation and narrative conventions to create a popular science-fiction movie that puts forward an anti-war message. The futuristic feeling of The Day The Earth Stood Still is mainly given by the non-diegetic sound, and the innovative look of the spaceship and the robot, i. e. the mise-en-scene. Religious symbolism and a rational tone of the dialogue are used to highlight the anti-war message. I need a conclusion need help with this! Is there any places I can cut? Need to change to Klaatu is there a quick way I can do this?

Dolphin and Human characteristic essays

Dolphin and Human characteristic essays Since the beginning of life, people have been changing. The way we dress, act, live, and communicate have evolved throughout time. People are very amazing, especially when we do various dangerous stunts. People are friendly, thats why we have pets. For example, A dog is a mans favorite pet. This results that man loves animal. The way animal love humans. Animals are very intelligent, they can learn things very quickly. I honestly think dolphins have the similarity of a person. Dolphins should be considered a person. There are so many things that are in common. First of all, Dolphins behave exactly like a person. Humans give birth to a child which takes 9 months and dolphins give birth to a child which takes 12 months. Just as a person, a dolphins breeds its child. By the way, dolphins are mammals like humans. Also, surprisingly, dolphins live in groups which are their family. Humans live in families as well. They also have emotions that can affect their living, just like humans. Plus, dolphins dont harm humans, however they can easily kill us. This shows us the bond between dolphins and humans. The brain of a dolphin is similar to a human brain than any other animal. The brain of a dolphin is a bit bigger than ours. Dolphins are very brilliant animals. They can pick things up very easily. When you teach a dolphin something, they can learn it very quickly. Dolphins communicate in a way where they whistle instead of speaking like us because they dont have vocal cords. Dolphins have emotions. It depends on how their feeling. For example, If a dolphin is very happy they can do many stunts like flips. Humans in the other hand, when they are happy, we might go to a party and enjoy ourselves. Dolphins use sonic waves to communicate and see the world around them. A dolphin might use their sonic wave to sense a animal that might be near by. T...

Learning Needs Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Learning Needs Assessment - Essay Example The hospital has been well recognized for being able to treat thyroid cancers of high incidence of the survivors in Ukraine and Russia that was caused by an accident that was caused by Chernobyl nuclear reactor. Coney Island Hospital is under the New York City Health and Hospital Corporation (HHC) which happens to be the county’s the largest health care system in the region serving more than 1.3 million people in New York. The hospital system is comprised of eleven acute hospital care centers, four nursing facilities that are skilled, six diagnostic centre that also carries out treatment and at least eighty clinic that are set up in the community. Home based health care services are also offered to the residents by HHC health care system. The hospital has also embarked to other services like healthy heart program as it served Bangladeshi, Pakistan and Indian communities when it came to their attention that these populations have a higher chance of being diagnosed with Coronary artery disease. The hospital is also known for being the first facility of HHC to start a Mosque and to serve halal food. Currently, statistics shows that the hospital has a workforce of 39,000 employees who offer health care services to the residents ranging from housekeepers to surgeon of the trauma. In their social responsibility, the hospital has embarked in a campaign that is supposed to increase safety, prevent and bring a culture of learning that is fair and just with an intention of bring accountability. The hospital’s mission is to become one of the best health care centres in the country come year 2010.

Is Total Quality Management Enough For Competitive Advantage Research Paper - 2

Is Total Quality Management Enough For Competitive Advantage - Research Paper Example And TQM is one of the responses developed. However, currently, there are some concerns regarding its viability. As such, this paper intends to address the question Is Total Quality Management enough for competitive advantage? In lieu of this, the aims of this paper are to provide ample literature that will reinforce and attest to the positive aspects of TQM and at the same time explain its ramifications in the business context. And more importantly, to gain insight regarding TQM and competitive advantage. In order to achieve these aims, in this research, historical or library research has been undertaken together with a qualitative interview of actual practitioners of TQM. In the library research undertaken, numerous secondary data that are made available and are deemed significant in attaining a clearer and better understanding of TQM and its positive aspects are utilised for the literature review. Together with the literature review, primary research has also been undertaken to get first-hand information regarding TQM from the scholars and actual practitioners of the field. The collection of primary data is significant as it pertains to the actual experience of people who are actually adapting and using TQM in their respective companies. Through the research study, it has been found out that TQM is undeniably advantageous to corporations or organisations that employ it. Several advantages have been found out in the course of the research. A significant finding is a hesitance among the interviewed practitioners of TQM when asked whether TQM is enough to attain competitive advantage. It can be claimed that the aims of this paper have been achieved and that the limitations posed by this paper open new avenues for further research. Globalisation is a contemporary phenomenon known only within the last fifty years (Soros, 2002).

Medical Tourism In India: A Proposal

Medical Tourism In India: A Proposal Medical tourism- the concept of traveling far and wide for better medical treatment is not a novel idea, only the term. The globalization of the health care sector and the massive demand for low cost-high quality treatment in recent times has caught the attention of many developing countries that have the adequate resources and potential to meet these demands. The profitability and the lucrative nature of the medical tourism business has now put this trade, high on the agenda of both the Indian government and the private health care providers. Today, medical tourism has become a commonplace practice with a large number of people around the world since usual constraints like language, finance, difficulties in global travel and fear of the unknown are no longer acting as barriers to the tourists who seek medical treatment in foreign countries. Countries like India, Singapore, Malaysia etc have developed strategies specifically with the aim of tackling such issues and rendering themselves as the ideal medical tourism destinations. Although India is emerging as the hot-spot medical tourism destinations within the Asia-Pacific and other regions of the world, it seems to be facing tough competition from other big players of this industry who have projected an equally good reputation for themselves and are reaping the benefits of this business. Therefore, it is imperative for India to continuously rethink and reform its marketing strategies to gain competitive advantage and increase its market share in the health care sector. It is an undisputed fact that medical tourism is a rapidly growing industry and creating inroads into the Indian economy. There are a large number of stake holders in this industry in South East Asia including countries like Singapore and Malaysia. There are various marketing strategies being used for propagating this industry. My endeavor would be to seek the gaps that exist and suggest remedial action. Being from the medical fraternity and having had the opportunity to treat a number of overseas patients, the concept of medical tourism has generated a great deal of interest in me. I believe that there are some deficiencies in the marketing strategies for health tourism in India that need to be looked into and improvised. The aim of my research would be to propose marketing strategies that would boost the Indian Medical Tourism for the future. 3. Preliminary review of literature There are three sections of the literature review:- i) Historical aspects- inception and evolution ii) Medical tourism in India- the present scenario iii) Probable concerns and pitfalls of the Indian medical tourism industry. i) Historical aspects- inception and evolution The concept of constructing health complexes around hot springs goes back to as old as the Sumerian civilization (circa 4000BC) where health care facilities comprised of grand elevated buildings with flowing pools. The hill tribes of Switzerland of the area presently know as St. Moritz, during the Bronze Age (circa 2000 BC) recognized the benefits of bathing and drinking in iron-rich mineral springs. The discovery of bronze drinking cups used by them in thermal springs in Germany and France possibly signifies health pilgrimages within these cultures. As per written historical accounts, bathing and healing complexes were erected around therapeutic springs in Mesopotamia, India, Greece and China. The concept of medical tourism emanated as trips to sacred baths and hot springs. However, it is the Greeks who have to be given the credit for laying the foundations for medical tourism networks. Greek medical tourism. Asclepius was considered to be the god of medicine according to Greek mythology. In his honor, Asclepian healing temples had been constructed throughout Greece by the 4th Century BC. These temples were established near the mineral springs which were considered to be the prime Healthful Locations. The system of medical tourism during this period was as follows:- Patients and their attendants came to Asclepia temples seeking treatment for various ailments. At Epidaurus, the port temple, treatment included gymnasia, palaestra (exercise area), bathing springs and a dream temple. There was a retinue of priests, caretakers and stretcher carriers who attended to the patients before they were granted final appointment with the mighty priest. Patients made sacrificial offerings according to their status- the poor left shoes; Alexander the Great left his breastplate. Roman Medical Tourism. The hallmark of ancient Roman medical tourism centered around hot water baths called Thermae. These centers of medical treatment were posh establishments. Some of these centers comprised of art galleries conference halls, theatres and sometimes sport stadia. Because of the active trade with Asia, the Roman baths augmented medical tourism activities like Chinese medicine, Ayurvedic massage and various aspects of Buddhist spiritual healing at some Roman Thermae. Japanese Medical Tourism-Onsen. ONSEN means hot mineral springs in Japanese. Medical tourism in Japan centered around these hot mineral springs which were enriched by surrounding volcanic soil. It attracted a variety of people including hunters, fishermen, farmers and warriors. It was believed that these mineral springs were effective in alleviating pain, healing wounds and recuperation. A thousand years later, this form of medical tourism in Japan is still an ongoing phenomenon. Indian Medical Tourism. India has been the home ground of alternative system of medicine for the past 5000 years. Aspects of medical tourism include yoga, eastern cultural, spiritual and medicinal compilation with meditation thrown in. India has been a Mecca for alternative medicine practitioners. A new boost was given to health tourism in the 1960s with the New Age movement in the US. This New Age movement seeks Universal Truth and the attainment of the highest individual human potential and is characterized by an individual approach to spiritual practices and philosophies and the rejection of religious doctrine and dogma. With this movement, India had once again become the most sought after destination for thousands of western pilgrims. Indias deep commitment to health care infrastructure and technology furthered the mass influx of medical tourists. India is now one of the worlds oldest medical tourism destinations and has gained popularity over the years over other destinations. European Medical Tourism. European medical tourism came into existence with the rediscovery of the Roman baths in the 16th century. With the rediscovery of the Roman baths, Baden Baden , Aachen and most notably Bath, became spa towns. By the 1720s the spa towns came to be frequented by Aristocrats and gentlemen of leisure from other parts of Europe and even royal patronage. Michel Eyquem de Montaigne, French royal inventor of the essay was the most noteworthy medical tourist of this time. He traversed the continent for 9 years for the cure of his gall bladder problem. He is widely believed to be the father of luxury travel and has helped to write one of the earliest documented spa guides for European tourists. Health Tourism-New world. English and Dutch colonists in the 1600s, constructed log cabins near mineral springs in the newly discovered Americas. By 19th century the American reformists made it a habit to travel to remote Western springs that were rich in medicinal properties. Today, there are no physical, economical and cultural barriers that separate nations from one another. Coupled with the flattening global economy, ease of international travel and lenient trade policies has opened the vistas of medical tourism destinations around the globe. This has made affordable health care availability to patients who find it difficult or impossible to access such health care facilities in their own countries. Inflated health care costs are driving the patients to medical tourism destinations like Thailand and India for sophisticated procedures at a fraction of the price. Long waiting periods for medical treatment is another factor that is making patients seek treatment abroad. Also, lack of comprehensive medical insurance has attracted thousands of patients to seek treatment abroad. Medical tourism today has become a global phenomenon with many countries expanding their offerings, including unique tourism opportunities for example South Africa is promoting medical safari in a big way. ii.) MEDICAL TOURISM IN INDIA-the present scenario Medical Tourism India or Health Tourism India is a developing concept that has gained tremendous popularity and is attracting people from all over the world for their medical and relaxation needs. The treatments most commonly include knee transplant, cosmetic treatment, dental treatment and cardiac surgery. India is now a favorable medical tourism destination as its infrastructure and technology are at par with USA, UK and Europe, enabling it to provide treatment centers and hospitals that are best in the world with world class facilities. These factors coupled with visits to some of the most alluring and awe-inspiring places of the world have brought about the merging of tourism with medication giving rise to the concept of Medical Tourism. India is promoting health tourism through depicting the high-tech healing of its private healthcare sector. The Indian government is marketing the concept of traveling to India for cheaper and world-class medical facilities to foreigners, with the intention of encouraging the growing Indian medical tourism industry. The policy of the Indian government to merge medical expertise and tourism was announced during the 2003-04 budgets when the finance minister Jaswant Singh propounded India to become a Global Health Destination. According to a study conducted by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), the field is so lucrative that it has the potential to become a $2.3 billion business by 2012. Around 150,000 foreigners visited India for treatment during 2004 and since then, this number has increased by 15% every year. In recent times, India has emerged as the Global Health Destination due to the following advantages: 1. Medical services are provided at almost 30% lower cost than the Western countries and are the cheapest in South-east Asia. 2. India has a large population of doctors and paramedical staff who have good knowledge of spoken English. Therefore language is a major comfort factor that attracts so many foreign tourists to visit for the purpose of medical and health tourism making it easier for overseas patients to relate well to Indian doctors. 3. Indian doctors expertise in various surgical procedures including cardiac surgeries, liver transplants, orthopedic surgeries and other medical treatments. 4. Indian hospitals offer a wide array of high quality treatment procedures comprising of joint replacements, cardiothoracic surgery, dental care, cosmetic treatments and more. iii) Probable concerns and pitfalls of Indian medical tourism industry Review of literature suggests the following concerns that need attention if one has to augment and boost the medical tourism sector. Concerns of the consumers Some of the consumers feel that India is unhygienic, polluted and bureaucratic. There is no appropriate accreditation system for the hospitals. Concerns about medical insurance which is underdeveloped, inadequate and has few global players. overseas companies refuse reimbursements. There are also concerns about terrorism, communal unrest and bad connectivity between cities and towns. While some of these concerns are genuine, most of them are mere perceptions. Concerns of the promoters From the promoters point of view, the concerns that have emerged revolve around lack of regulations concerning ethics and systemic support, lack of infrastructure deficiencies like electricity, power supply and water, inadequate land reforms, taxation anomalies, funding constraints, implementation lacunae and bureaucratic bottlenecks. 4. RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND OBJECTIVES. India seems to be an emerging medical tourism destination offering great opportunities in terms of creating new jobs and generating sources of revenue for the Indian economy. It is therefore imperative that the impetus gained so far should not be jeopardized and measures should be adopted to improve the present situation by developing and implementing new strategies. Research questions 1. What is the present state of Indian medical tourism? indicating assessment of the present situation. 2. What are the drawbacks or felt impediments of the medical tourism trade sector? indicating an analytical structuring of the data. 3. What are the ways to improve medical tourism in India through better marketing strategies? an assessment of the lacunae in the existing marketing strategies. 4. Is the government doing enough to support the medical tourism industry? an assessment of the governmental leaning towards the industry. Research objectives 1. To develop pragmatic marketing strategies for health care institutions involved in medical tourism in India. 2. To assess the impact of the government action on the present marketing strategies for foreign patients. 3. To make a marketing plan model for the Health tourism industry in India 5. RESEARCH PLAN Research perspective My research approach is based upon the words of the renowned anthropologist Clifford Geertz man is an animal suspended in webs of significance he himself has spun. I take culture to be these webs, and the analysis of it is not to be an experimental science in search of law but an interpretive one inn search of meaning (Jewell,S.2010). It therefore forms an interpretivist approach. Since the medical tourism industry is a business and management perspective, any research into this field would fall into the gamut of positivist and interpretivist approaches. My research is essentially a qualitative one since my data collection is mainly secondary in nature. Furthermore, my research is theory forming where in I shall be using the inductive approach to analyze the data. My research also involves the assessment of factors of concern that are related to the health tourism industry of India. It would be my effort to sift out the relevant factors and analyze them from the point of view of deve loping marketing strategies. Research design The approach that best answers my research questions fits into the modified cross sectional design. Here, the research design revolves around the collection of data that is occurring naturally over a designated period. My research design also involves mainly quantitative data and some qualitative data too. My research is based upon observation and document analysis. The cross sectional design also gives information on aspects of who, what, how many, where, and the how and why. Data collection methods I shall be collecting my data through analysis of secondary data. I also intend to submit questionnaires to the stakeholders and the major players of the medical tourism in India with the aim of seeking relevant data that would help me in answering my research questions and fulfill my research objectives. Secondary data: the secondary data would be collected through the following; Written materials- various websites, websites of homepages of key players, magazines and journals, books and publications. I would also be looking for government publications, laws and acts related to this subject. Non-written materials- media, television etc. Most of the data from outside the individual organization will yield information about the medical tourism industry. While, data that is collected from the organizational websites would give information on how things are done within the organization and their modus operandi. ii. Questionnaires: I will be sending the questionnaires to all the major players in the Indian medical tourism industry. The questionnaires will be used to obtain data for quantitative analysis in order to assess the functioning of various medical tourism facilities in India. The idea of using questionnaires is that a large quantity of data can be made available covering a wide range of database for quantitative analysis. A good amount of objectivity can be incorporated and the results would be of valid and reliable nature. Analysis of data Having collected all the qualitative and quantitative data, I would subject it to appropriate analysis and apply relevant statistical tests of significance to ensure that the results are valid, reliable and give a reasonable level of generalisabilty. I aim to deduce the relevant marketing strategies being used and to assess their impact on the industry. I shall be presenting the analyzed data in the form pie diagrams, bar charts and other forms of statistical presentations. LIMITATIONS Validity and reliability Since my data is mainly secondary in nature it is presumed that global players in the me dical tourism industry would not putting false data to propagate their business ventures. From this point of view my data would be valid as well as reliable. As my data is being collected from internet, websites of various stake holders, magazines etc. I am confident that stake holders at this level of global competitiveness would not be putting up false data or information for promotional activities that could jeopardize their reputation. However, the limitations of validity and reliability I foresee to come across would be from the questionnaires I would be sending to the stake holders. The disadvantage I feel I would face using the questionnaires is that some people may not respond, may take a long time for returning back and the response rate cannot be predicted. However despite these limitations, I expect to be able to generate valid information and data for quantitative analysis. I shall be sending these questionnaires to the concerned stakeholders through their homepages and their websites and try and elicit as much response as possible from them. Generalisabilty My research design is based upon the study of an industry and does not impinge upon a case study research. All factors being studied can be considered as offshoots of a single industry. For e.g. the legislation aspects would be covering the entire industry and not a single institution or a hospital. Secondly, my aim is to give broad based generalized guide lines on the recommendations for improving medical tourism in India. My attempt therefore would be to collect and analyze data from where generalisabilty can be achieved. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS I will abide by the Coventry University BES ethical guidelines. I will conduct my research honestly and present all the data accurately. I will get the low risk approval form signed by my supervisor to get his approval before I begin my research. I shall take all precaution to ensure and respect the rights and integrity of subjects if any. I shall treat all the data confidentially and would ensure that it would not be used for any other purpose other than that intended. Since my data collection is mainly secondary in nature, my research work is considered to be a low risk from the ethical point of view. I shall keep all the raw information on ethics and the data collected for audit purposes. PLAGIARISM I will paraphrase; reference and cite the sources used by me, to acknowledge the work of others and avoid any sort of plagiarism. Michael Porter: Impact of Strategic Management Theory Michael Porter: Impact of Strategic Management Theory The field of strategic management is complex and multi-faceted. Strategic management has been defined in many different ways. The basic tenet of the Positioning School is that strategies are generic positions in a competitive marketplace and are based on analysis by a consulting firm. Michael Porter, indisputably one of the most influential thinkers on management and competitiveness in the world laid the groundwork for strategic positioning in 1980 with his book Competitive Strategy in which he presented his Five Forces model. His 1985, work, Competitive Advantage, described his activity-based view and introduced his Value Chain model. Since the publication of these influential works, their popularity has continued due to their general applicability and ease of use. Keywords: Michael Porter, strategic management, Five Forces Model, Value Chain Model, Porter, Positioning School. The Influence of Michael Porter The field of strategic management is complex and multi-faceted. Numerous definitions have been proposed in an attempt to prescribe the essential elements of management strategy and to discover a methodology to satisfy once and for all the needs of managers seeking to maximize their organizations potential in the dog-eat-dog business world. Strategic management has been defined in many different ways based on the organizations mission, policies, sector, structure, objectives, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, key success factors or decisions, capabilities, planning, implementation, and sustainable competitive advantage (Sadler, 2003). Generally, strategic management is the means by which organizational managers seek to bolster the success of their businesses via a series of competitive maneuvers. Such maneuvers may be taken with regard to the external environment in which the firm is currently operating or in relation to the organizations internal capabilities (or inabilities) (Sadler, 2003). Mintzberg, Ahlstrand and Lampel (as cited in Sadler, 2003, p. 15) developed a method of organizing these numerous schools of thought into three major groups labeled the Prescriptive, Descriptive, and Configurational Schools. The Descriptive group consists of those schools which seek to describe strategic management in terms of how it is formed in practice. The Configurational group encompasses one single school of thought which has two facets, the first seeking to describe the organizations state and context, and the second endeavoring to depict the strategy-making process. The Prescriptive Group is composed of those schools which venture to define strategic management in terms of how it should be formulated, as opposed to how it is formed in practice (see Descriptive Schools above). Within the Prescriptive group reside the design, planning, and positioning schools. The design school seeks to define strategic management as a conceptual process, and the most recent manifestation of this approach is the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) Analysis, developed by Ken Andrews in the early 70s. SWOT analysis aims to analyze the firm in terms of internal factors strengths and weaknesses, and external environmental factors opportunities and threats, in order to gain a competitive advantage. The planning school, on the other hand, focuses primarily on the future and has as its principal goal the formulation of decisions and actions that will guide the organizations actions and define its purpose. Michael Porters seminal and best-known work, Competitive Strategy, laid the foundation of the positioning school. The basic tenet of this school is that strategies are generic positions in a competitive marketplace and are based on analysis by a consulting firm. A renowned business management theorist and commonly recognized as the father of modern management theory, Porter is a respected professor holding the prestigious Bishop William Lawrence University Professorship at Harvard Business School. He is a prolific author; since 1976, he has written some 18 books and more than 125 articles on competition and strategy. Porter has advised management in numerous U.S. and international companies and governments worldwide and has won many honors and awards for his work in economics and strategic management theory. Michael Porter is indisputably one of the most influential thinkers on management and competitiveness in the world. Michael Porters Theories Porter is best known for the prescient theories illuminated in his 1980 work Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. The hallmark of Porters works, Competitive Strategy presented Porters five forces model, five elements that affect an industrys profitability, and his generic strategies which are intended to counter those forces. In his follow-up piece, The Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, published in 1985, Porter developed his Value Chain Model, a framework for activity-based competitive analysis of a firm. Porters Five Forces Model Porters five forces are classified as industry-level (vice organizational-level) determinants of long-term profitability in an industry. These economic and technical characteristics are said to be foundational, key factors to industry success and affect such critical industry elements as prices, the degree of investment necessary for competitiveness, market share, potential profits, and profit margins, and industry volume (Childress Kirkwood, 2006). The five forces are industry competitors, pressure from substitute products, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, and potential entrants. These five forces acting in unison comprise the competitive environment in which the firm must operate. The nature of competition within the industry is affected by factors such as the size of competitors the number of competitors, changes in demand for products, asset specificity, the strength of exit barriers and competitor variety and is generally considered to be the most powerful force. Competitive tactics employed by one firm may affect the entire industry (Mayo, Grigoroudis and Zopoundis, 2006). Pressure from substitute products affects the industry by imposing an artificial price ceiling. Decreases in customer switching costs and increases in the price of substitute products are causes of competitive pressure. The threat of substitutes varies inversely to the price of substitute products and consumers switching costs (Mayo, Grigoroudis and Zopoundis, 2006). The bargaining power of suppliers affects competition particularly when there are many, limited substitutes for raw materials exist, or when switching costs increase. When suppliers raise prices, or reduce prices or services or the quality of goods or services, competition intensifies. When suppliers reduce quality or services or increase prices, competition increases (Mayo, Grigoroudis and Zopoundis, 2006). Buyers affect competition when they are able to negotiate lower prices, distribution and quality. The number and concentration of consumers and product differentiation are influences. Switching costs and the power of buyers to backwards integrate are factors as well (Mayo, Grigoroudis and Zopoundis, 2006). High entry (and exit) barriers are a deterrent to companies seeking to enter new industries. New entrants alter the competitive climate by increasing capacity and competition for market share and by adding new resources. Entry barriers may take the form of capital requirements, economies of scale, product differentiation, switching costs, access to distribution channels, cost of promotion and advertising, and so on (Mayo, Grigoroudis and Zopoundis, 2006, p. 835). Porters model is versatile, popular and widely used. From banking to brewing, numerous examples of studies conducted using Porters model to analyze the competitive climate of a variety of industries can be found easily. Several of these are summarized below. Finnish publishing In a study investigating the effect of the internet on the consumer Finnish magazine publishing industry using Porters five forces model (Ellonen, Kuivalainen et al., 2008) conducted semi-structured interviews of eight industry experts. The researchers identified specific examples of some of the forces shaping competition within that industry. They chose Porters model as the vehicle for their analysis because it is a useful tool for examining the industry structure and assists in the analysis of industry competitiveness. They noted that the internet had intensified rivalries among competitors by making proprietary information and that competitors habitually benchmarked each others websites. Financing and support functions were recognized as barriers to entry. As for the treat of substitute products and services, the most significant threat was identified as the internet itself because it offers readers alternative ways to spend their leisure time and their money. Notably, however, neither the bargaining power of buyers (both consumers and advertisers) nor the bargaining power of suppliers was considered a significant hazard. Online banking Smith (2006) studied the online banking industry and, like the authors in the study of the Finnish publishing industry, used Porters five forces model to identify the strategic forces affecting the industry. Smith chose Porters model because it provides clarity, ease of understanding, and is insightful when examining a complicated and complex issue like strategic management. Smith noted that economies of scale and product differentiation, capital requirements, limited distribution channels, and government regulation were substantial barriers to entry in online banking. Conversely, the bargaining power of suppliers is relatively weak as is the bargaining power of buyers, chiefly due to the low-cost or free nature of online banking services. Pressure from substitute products is considerable. Traditional banking offers customers a personal touch and some do feel online services are secure enough. Other substitute products are credit unions, ATMs and other financial institutions and credit card companies. Not surprisingly, Smith found that competition is intense in the online banking industry. This is largely due to the increasing popularity of computers the internet with each successive generation and the cost savings gained from using online services. European beer Niederhut-Bollmann and Theuvsen (2008), in yet another example of the versatility of Porters model, analyzed the dynamic competitive environment of the European (German and Croatian) brewing industry. Niederhut-Bollmann and Theuvsen chose Porters model, they say, because it is powerful, thorough, and provides a flexible framework for this type of analysis. The authors of this study provided a detailed look at the competitive forces affecting both the German and Croatian brewing industries. Moreover, they offered an extensive analysis of the generic strategies which various breweries had adapted in order to position themselves in the face of the industrys competitive pressures. Porters Generic Strategies Porter postulated three generic or broad alternative strategies which may be pursued as a response to the competitive pressures. They are termed generic strategies because they are broadly applicable to any industry or business. They are differentiation, cost leadership, and focus. A focus strategy may be further defined as cost focus, differentiation focus, or cost and differentiation focus (Ormanidhi Stringa, 2009). A differentiation strategy may be based on actual unique product features or the perception thereof, conveyed through the use of advertising and marketing tactics, in the eyes customers. Obviously, the product or service feature must be one the customer needs or desires. Moreover, such enhanced features and designs or advertising and marketing will increase costs, and customers must be price-insensitive willing to pay for the differentiated product or service. This willingness to pay for the differentiated product of service is what provides the company relief from competitive pressure, cost pressure specifically. Firms pursuing a cost leadership strategy must make lower production and distribution costs their priority (Thomas, J., 2006). By keeping their cost lowers than those of their competitors, firms using cost leadership can still price their products up to the level of their competitors and still maintain higher gross profit margins. Alternatively, these firms can price their products lower than those of their competitors in the hope of achieving greater market share and sales volume at the expense of gross profit margins (Thomas, J., 2006). A focus strategy is based on a particular market, customer, product, or geographic. A Focus strategy is a concentrated, narrowly focused niche strategy (Mayo, D., Grigoroudis, E. Zopoundis, C., 2006). It will normally be employed by smaller companies or small target markets. Products and services may be customized to the extent that customers are allowed input throughout all stages of production. European brewing In the case of European breweries mentioned above, Niederhut-Bollmann and Theuvsen (2008) noted that one German brewer used a cost leadership strategy to undercut larger competitors prices by as much as 50 percent. Another brewer used national brands to increase customer loyalty in a differentiation strategy. Klosterbrauerei Neuzelle, founded in 1589, uses traditional brewing techniques for a small local market, a focus strategy. The authors note that although Porter, in his original work, warned that a firm should choose one specific strategy, he later (2001) accepted that a hybrid strategy (lower operating costs and premium prices) may be appropriate. Japanese industry Allen, Helms, Takeda, White, (2007) studied the use of Porters generic strategies in Japanese firms. According to the authors, the traditional style of Japanese management in which all employees of a company share risks and gains of the operation; layoffs are a last resort, even during economic crises; and lifetime employment with a single company is expected, is often cited as a primary cause of the ongoing Japanese recession (p. 70). Recently the Japanese government implemented the Porter Prize in an attempt to spur improvement in the competitiveness of Japanese industry. Several small and medium-sized forms have received the prize presumably due to their strategy of operating in niche markets, a focus strategy. Larger corporations, those who operate under the keiretsu, or lineage system have not substantially participated in the program arguably due to the characteristic inability to react to change and over-reliance on a group decision-making style inherent in the keiretsu system. The authors believe that encouraging Japanese firms to vie for the Porter Prize will enable those firms to become accustomed to employing competitive strategies and become more profitable. Michael Porters Five Forces Model is still popular today due to its broad applicability and because it is easy to use. Competitive Strategy laid the foundation for the Positioning School of strategic management philosophy. Porters Five Forces Model and his generic strategies have substantially influenced strategic management thought for the last thirty years and will undoubtedly continue to do so. The Value Chain Model In 1985, Porter followed up and built upon his Competitive Strategy with Competitive Advantage. In Competitive Advantage, Porter developed the concept of a sustainable advantage and introduced his Value Chain Model. Porter referred to his own model as an activity-based view because used the activities of the firm to analyze the organizations competitive advantage. Value, Porter said, was defined as the sum total that a buyer is willing to pay for what the firm produces or delivers and is measured as total revenue or price times the number of units sold. Economically speaking, the firms value must exceed its costs, or it is not considered profitable. Competitive analyses, therefore, must be focused on those value-generating activities which influence the companys costs and provide a means for strategic differentiation (Patnaik and Sahoo, 2009). The value chain, according to Porter, is part of the larger value system comprised of the individual value chains of industry suppliers, constituent firms, distributers and buyers (Patnaik and Sahoo, 2009). Interestingly, the term value system has been as widely accepted as value chain has; the term industry value chain is more popular (Dommisse and Oosthuizen, 2004). The purpose of the value chain model, according to Porter, was to systematically examine all the activities a firm performs and how they interact (as cited in McPhee Wheeler, 2006). Sheehan and Foss (2009) undertook to examine the intellectual underpinnings of the theory Porter laid out in Competitive Advantage. They note Porters proposal that the true value of the firm was not its products or services, but the aggregate value of the chain of individual activities that went into the production process and the only way to identify a means of identifying potential sources of competitive advantage was to examine the firm in terms of these activities. They summarized the key characteristics of Porters activity-based model. The unit of analysis was the activities the firm performed. The value chain focuses on the business or industry level. Activity drivers cost and value drivers play a key role. Activity drivers are the factors that are the firm can influence in order to position the firm as either low cost or differentiator compared to ones competitors. Activities were categorized as either primary or supporting activities. Primary activities were defined as those which directly create customer value. Primary activities are related to production and sales of the product, delivery of the product, and after-market sales (Value Chain, 2005). Structure Primary activities Inbound logistics comprises those activities involved in receiving, storing, handling, and distributing materials to the manufacturing or operations department. Manufacturing activities include those activities involved in converting the inputs received into the final product. Outbound logistics activities are those activities which are involved in the shipping, storage, and final distribution of the end product. Marketing and sales activities are those which are aimed at persuading the customer to buy and pay for the product, e.g., advertising, promotion and pricing. Finally, service activities include all activities concerned with maintaining or enhancing the value of the delivered product such as installation and repair services (Value Chain, 2005). Supporting activities Support activities serve to enhance the value (create added value) already created by the primary activities. Support activities include corporate structure, human resources, technology development, and purchasing. Corporate structure includes those activities related to management including planning, financial and accounting, legal, public relations, and quality management. Human resources activities include recruitment and hiring, training, and pay and benefits. Technology development involves R D functions such as new product development and design. Purchasing encompasses activities relate to the procurement of supplies and raw materials. The models popularity Porters model is indisputably popular. Ormanidhi and Stringa (2009) examined Porters model in comparison to several other strategies: Structure-Conduct-Performance, the New Industrial Organization and Game Theory, the Resource-Based Perspective, and Market Process Economics. The authors cite as proof a study that found Porters Competitive Strategy referenced in nearly half of the articles published in the Strategic Management Journal from 1986 to 1990. They believe Porters model is a most apt methodology for competitive analysis for several reasons. Porters model is most suitable because of its well-defined structure; it provides an analytical framework of definite criteria. Porters value chain model is practically suited for empirical analysis because it facilitates the comparison of firms and analysis of their competitive performance. Another reason Ormanidhi and Stringa mention for their preference of Porters model is its conceptual clarity; its terminology is consistent and easily understandable. Furthermore Also, Porters model complements other strategies such as game theory and the resource-based model. The last reason is inherent in Porters definition, that is, it is a generic strategy that is sufficiently general that it is applicable to various types of industries such as service and manufacturing firms. Manufacturing White and Pearson (2001) proposed in a study of the manufacturing value chain using the JIT concept and technological advances related to systems integration, the establishment of customer service levels on par with overall management objectives in order to improve organizational performance. They used Porters value chain model to demonstrate how the application of JIT systems throughout the manufacturing process enables the organization to integrate its activities in a continuous improvement process. In each stage of the Porter model, primary activities and support activities, the authors illustrate how the application of JIT techniques can optimize the manufacturing process. Retail Dommisse and Oosthuizen (2004), utilized Porters model in a study of the U.K. retail life insurance industry and introduced an evolutionary a concept referred to as value chain deconstruction which, they say, is gaining acceptance. Based on Porters model, value chain deconstruction theory is largely a result of the proliferation of new technologies and regulatory measures. Analysts, they declare, have observed components of the traditional value chain fragmenting to form new or merge with other industries. This relatively new, conceptual models main advantage, according to the authors, is that it clearly highlights the areas in the value chain where the traditional strategies of differentiation, cost leadership and focus can be applied (p. 18). Thus, Porters model persists as the foundation of new and emerging concepts of strategic management. The field of strategic management is complex and various definitions have been proposed based on the different aspects of organizational infrastructure. One means of organizing the numerous schools of thought was proposed by Mintzberg, Ahlstrand and Lampel (as cited in Sadler, 2003, p. 15) who described three major groups labeled the Prescriptive, Descriptive, and Configurational Schools. Michael Porter, renowned scholar, author, advisor, and recipient of a myriad of rewards for his work, laid the foundation of the Positioning School, which falls into the Prescriptive Group. Porters is best known for the theories illuminated in his 1980 work Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors in which he presented his Fve Forces Model five elements that affect an industrys profitability, and his generic strategies which are intended to counter those forces. In The Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, published in 1985, Porter developed his Value Chain Model, a framework for activity-based competitive analysis of a firm. These two monumental works have influenced academia and management since their inception. Widely popular and broadly used, these prescient theories have influenced strategic management philosophy the world over. Across the spectrum of industry types, from Japan to Europe, the impact of Porters works is indisputable. Undoubtedly, Michael Porters influence will continue to be felt in the halls of business for years to come.

Evil being Dr Jekyll’s alter ego Mr Hyde Essay

† In each of us, two natures are at war- the good and the evil. All our lives the fight goes on between them one must conquer. But in our own hands lies the power to choose- What we want most to be we are† (Robert Louis Stevenson. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde 1885) Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Born in 1850 into a middle class family in Edinburgh, Robert Louis Stevenson’s Father expected his son to follow in the family tradition and become an engineer. Stevenson, however had other ideas. He was fascinated by literature, but to please his family he studied law, yet he never practised as a lawyer fulfilling his ambition to become a writer. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde was a product of Robert Louis Stevenson life. Stevenson’s childhood was blighted by illness and as a result he spent much of his time at home under the care of his much loved nurse Alison Cunningham who told him stories of ghosts, body snatchers and heaven and hell. Stevenson as a result became fascinated by the idea of good and evil in every person. Stevenson’s ill health continued for most of his life and as a result he took laudanum and morphine as well as cocaine for chest problems and depression, other factors which may well have affected his life style and his writing. The Stevenson’s family home was in Edinburgh, but as he grew he travelled more and further, London, Bournemouth, France and the continent. Stevenson’s choice of London as the setting for Jekyll and Hyde was the result of the extreme social divide he witnessed there, the wealth and poverty been vividly displayed. The wealthy affluent London being safe like the character of Dr Jekyll whilst areas of social deprivation were constantly under treat of crime evil and disease, evil being Dr Jekyll’s alter ego Mr Hyde This essay will discuss how the Victorians viewed their rapidly expanding cities. It will also explore how Stephenson uses contrasting scenes and weather descriptions to portray good and evil. As a result of the industrial revolution Victorian Britain saw a massive movement of people from the countryside to major cities. Hugh numbers of houses were built to accommodate these people, but towns quickly became over crowded and unhealthy places. Filthy conditions and the spread of disease was rive amongst the poor and working classes. There was high unemployment and no suffrage for the poor, as a result the middle classes felt a revolution was imminent and felt fearful. Robert Louis Stevenson illustrates a divided city in Mr Utterson and Mr Enfields Sunday walk through the streets of London. They travel through a small quite street, it is described using metaphors â€Å"like a fire in the forest† indicating this street is well kept, a sharp contrast to others in the area, the shutters are described as freshly painted, the brasses well-polished and generally clean. This indicates that the inhabitants here are doing well. And yet at the corner of the same street stands a two story building. The building has only a door on the lower storey, the lack of windows indicating this building has something to hide. It is described as baring the features and marks of prolonged neglect. Stevenson uses the words sinister and sordid to describe this building. The fact that a building of such neglect stands on the same street as the affluent properties gives the reader the sense that everything is not going to be as it first appears in this novel. Stevenson uses this description of a affluence street with the uncharacteristic building an unlikely feature of this street, to prepare the reader for the dual character of Dr Jeklyl on the surface a good respectable person, who is able to turn into a alter ego the evil cruel Mr Hyde. Weather descriptions are used by Stevenson in The Carew Murder Case to depict the depraved nature of Mr Hydes character. The maid in the opening paragraph witnesses the murder of Carew. Stevenson uses graphic detail in his description of the weather on this night to create the atmosphere and set the scene. The association between lightness and goodness is clear; the night is described as been cloudless and lit by a full moon. The moon light on Carews face allows the maid to see his face, which she describes as pleasing to watch, a face breathing innocence and old world kindness. His beauty and innocence giving the impression of goodness. This description of Carew makes his fate all the more shocking and sets the scene for the dramatic moment when the maid witnesses the violent murder of Carew by Mr Hyde. Hyde is described by the maid as the complete opposite to Carew, a man she had previously conceived to dislike having an animalistic appearance. Stevenson continues to use weather descriptions to create a sense of foreboding as Mr Utterson travels through the streets of London to the home of Mr Hyde. Though it is nine in the morning the weather is described as foggy ‘like a great chocolate coloured pall lowered over heaven’ and ‘dark like the back end of morning’, the use of fog and darkness implies a veil to hide and conceal evil. He continues saying that the fog is broken up yet for a moment giving ‘a haggard shaft of day light’ this being only a brief relieve from the ‘mournful reinvasion of darkness’, reinforcing the idea of evil doings and the sorrow associated with this. By using weather descriptions in this way the city of London clearly becomes a dramatic backdrop for Hydes crimes. Victorian society was stricictly religious and therefore encouraged people to hide their sins and repress their desires. In this novel Stevenson offered Victorian society not only a psychological horror but a recognision that there is evil inside all of us, not perhaps to the extremes of Jekyll and Hyde but there is a side we hide, a suggestion that we all have a dual personality! Stevenson uses symbolism to create powerful images, for example doors are tradionally powerful and mysterious symbols they represent public and private spheres, things hidden and reveales. Stevenson refers to doors five times in the opening chapter of this novel. What is also relevant is that the Victorians had a â€Å"front door /back door† rule: the front door represented repectability so only those considered important and of high social status entered though the front door. The back door was used for those considered socially inferior, like servants. Stevenson uses this rule to emphasise Hydes’s social inferiority as he is not admitted through the front door of Jekylls home. What is significant here is that although the reader knows Jekyll and Hydeare one and the same, when Jekyll becomes the depraved Hyde he is evil and socially inferior, a lesson in immorility?

Information Management

In the current market, most companies use ERP system to solve most of their management issues and also assist an organization in running efficiently. The ERP system is also well- known to be really simple and easy to work with for many organizations. In the following sections, this essay will discuss about the process and pitfalls of using an ERP system, the advantages and disadvantages of it and with these, it will conclude on the ERR system.What is an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System The Enterprise Resource Planning System or simply known as an ERP system, is primarily a professional application software that carries out standardized methods to streamline information among each and every division within an organization (Leonie, 2012). The ERP system coordinates information reliably all around whatever is left of the organization. ERP system incorporates a range of modules including financial, accounting, HARM, sales, distribution, manufacturing and logistics (Deer ret al, 2005).This range of modules each has its own System which often possessed compatibility issues with each other. This is when an ERP system comes in handy whereby it joins all this incompatible modules together so as to be able them to communicate, share and impart information effectively. With the ERP system establishing communication among these incompatible oodles, there will not be a need to stir information from diverse framework, doing additional computations or interface with the sales results from a few months back or handling flow.In conjunction with this framework, each person inside the organization would be able to retrieve the relevant information he/she require in order to perform their task effectively and efficiently. Table 1 below are some modules that use an ERR system (Leonie, 201 2): Table 1: Organizational Modules that utilizes ERP System Organizational Modules which Utilizes ERP System Account & Finance Sales & DistributionLogistics Human Resource Production Gen eral Ledger Accounts Payable & Receivable Fixed Asset Sales Queries (Inquires & Quotations) Sales Orders Delivery / Shipment Invoice / Billing Purchasing, Tracking & Sales Shipment of Inventory Items Tracking of Product Lots & Serial Numbers Tracking of Product Quality Test Results Warehouse Capacity Management personnel management Organizational management Payroll Time management Personnel development Tracking the change of unrefined materials into finished items Track Labor, Overhead and other amassing costs Stipulate the full cost of creationThe Process and Pitfalls of Switching to ERP system With the ERP system being setup correctly, the whole system will become very sophisticated, incorporating decreases in administration procedures; enhanced benefits; less demanding expenses; and performance that is more dependable. Below are some points on the process and pitfalls of switching to an ERP system (Suddenly, 2011 Reduces Unnecessary Paperwork: An ERP system reduces majority of th e paperwork, as all correspondence between departments are able to experience the same framework.Using a sales department and production department for illustration purposes, whenever the Sales Department input a sales order into the ERP system, the Production Department personnel would be notified of the sales requests within a very short period and they can begin processing the sales request and issues preparation requests to the production team. In the event that there is a need to, workers can get a printout Of the processed sales request.From the point where the Production Department began processing the sales request and eventually issuing the preparation request, no unnecessary paperwork were incurred but yet task could still be effectively performed in an efficient manner. Enhanced Productivity: Productivity will be enhanced if ERP system is applied correctly, as it will greatly improve on time and material usage. Intelligence and rules can also be programmed accordingly and applied. For example, similar production orders can be combined and produced concurrently, as this will allow more proficient utilization of staffs, machines, and resources.Easier Costs: Less demanding expenditure (imparted as a rate of the revenue earned) might be fulfilled with the usage of an ERP system. For instance in the event whereby suppliers have gotten a full collaboration, the ERP system makes it keel to execute the buying arrangement without a moment to spare. This can cut down the expenses of final product stock keeping and set free capital for other purposes. Solid Performance: ERR system can often provides businesses with flawless and efficient operations, however this useful advantage is often neglected as it could not be justified as a source of income to the organization.However, it is still important to note that this strong performance of ERR can provides organizations with flawless and efficient operation when information can be relayed to various departments i n a fast, little or no error manner, using the name example mentioned earlier for reducing unnecessary paperwork. With the process being discussed, the ERP framework also contains a few pitfalls and they would be discussed below. Incorrect Rationale for using an ERP: A generally committed error, particularly when ERP-like frameworks initially showed up, is the decision for ERP with the incorrect rationale.There had been numerous organizations who settled on ERP to massive clean-up on their chaotic operation methods, unfortunately this move practically ends up in a catastrophe. The old yet famous proverb suggested ‘garbage in – refuse UT' always stands and should never be forgotten by any organizations. To keep away from these traps, it is highly important for organizations to enhance their methodology with more sensible requirement before establishing an ERP system. Underestimating the Time: Often, companies are too engrossed in implementing the ERP system such that the y underestimated the time spent.Arrangement of the usage requires much unforeseen and excess work and time spent. Understatement of the obliged attempts could deliver extreme results. Underestimating the Cost: Quite often, certain ERP system provider gives a proposition that are easily understandable by clients, yet in reality this proposition may possessed unseen problems once the system finished development, that can result in significant clashes between the client and ERR system provider. Organizations must ensure that they had considered all expense segments and how specific situations may influence the system development cost.One of the common problem faced by organization is their failure to conduct feasibility study when deciding to have the ERP system or not. Failure to do feasibility study will lead to painful results at the end of the day whereby the real cost of eating up the ERP (e. G. Agreement, permit, upkeep, expenses of execution) could cost a lot more than the reven ue they could earn when the ERP is up and running. Incorrect ERP Selection A small or medium organization ought to abstain from purchasing an enormous framework, and rather actualities one that is more proper to their prerequisites and plan (with some room to develop).Another similar issue is picking the incorrect kind of ERP system – many varieties of ERP systems are readily available in the market, some that are task arranged Reps and some that are handling line situated Reps. It is important to verify the type of framework an organization pick that adjusts to the sort of business they operate. The Advantages & Disadvantages of using an ERP System Essentially, ERP system which is correctly outlined, properly setup and accurately completed ERP results could give huge profits to any organization regardless of their volume or development.The capacity to immediately run status reports with no physical information entrance in databases can give organizations significant data on business operations and consider all the more opportune responses to changing business situations. Farsighted corporations have started to take a gander at their professional frameworks as a very vital component of their general business speculation system and operate similar monetary measurements to professional programming that are highly utilized when procuring another plant or new gear.In the quick moving universe of business, a progressed, present day ERP framework is no more simply a key to business achievement, however a centre component of survival. If any organization experiences issues running reports continuously, or their workers spent unnecessary time inputting the same piece of information repeatedly into other frameworks, or vital business measurements that needs to be ascertained by hands on worksheets, this organization will definitely reap the benefits of when they have an advanced ERR business bundle (Leer-lie, 2012).However, on the other end some disadvantages of using an ERP system would be the huge cost, its long journey, its data length, and the time spent on implementing the programmer. The implementation process can take up to several months for the system to be full up and running. Complexity is also one of the factor that organization faces when it comes to implementing the yester. Overall, ERP frameworks do not really seem appropriate for Small or Medium-sized Enterprises, or simply known as Seems whereby they essentially have difficulty in defending the starting cost of their enterprise (LOL, 2011).Some other disadvantages of using an ERP system would be discussed below (LOL, 2011). Impacting on Business Processes: ERR structures are often an immediate progression to the processes or procedures of business organizations, and this often leads to entanglement rather than actualities. In order to ensure that each one some piece of the equines fits into the ERP structure, it is unrealistic that individual procedures and arrangements co uld be kept up, so the execution of an ERP structural engineering has a tendency to take the state of a much more extensive business change venture.This is all the time an iterative methodology. At the point when characterizing the extent of the ERP at an early stage, huge numbers of such contemplations are often remains unknown. ERR executions possessed the possibility of being viewed as tasks that â€Å"constrain† unwanted reforms on the business organizations' operation. Thus once the ERP usage is underway, the only solution for any change is to change business formats without preparing the whole system from scratch.ERP Systems that lacks Flexibility and Adaptability: ERP system building design gives itself well to build organizations that possessed characterized procedures and methods. With the ERP system being set up, the system would succeed for those organizations, yet for other organizations that wish to perform major fundamental reforms, the ERP system could turn out to be exceptionally rigid. Because of the path in which the structural engineering is situated up, even generally little changes might e immoderate and entangled to execute.Dynamic organizations, continually looking to roll out improvements in course would not be able to enjoy the profit brought about by having an ERP, as the ERP would never be synchronized with what the business actually does. Problems Created through Ongoing Supports: External vendors often uphold ERP frameworks. This can result in many issues created when these external vendors are required to adhere to administration level understandings, thus the time to react to abnormalities and the nature of essential help could not keep up with business requisites.Permitting and support charges could be incurred heavily into the already thriving expenses of the ERR system. The greatest fear of any organizations are the security of their confidential information held within the ERP, as the system are mostly maintained by ex ternal vendors, the organizations feel that they do not have ‘true' control of these confidential information. Risk of Efficiency being Dissolved by Businesses A compelling ERP depends on the correct type of business procedures to help and keep up with structural planning.For instances, Organizations that do not UT resources into further skills upgrading of staffs will never be able to see the profits through ERP execution. Whenever organizations are working in an extremely conservative way, these organizations can never truly understand and appreciates the ability of an ERP framework. Structural engineering relies heavily on an exceptionally incorporated plan of action and disappointment to impart information between offices will restrain viable living up to expectations. Fundamentally, to completely profit using ERP framework, the business will be required to be executed in a certain manner readily.A few organizations have acknowledged robust benefits from the usage of the E RP system, though majority of the people believes that the results did not advocate the start-up cost of the ERP. As these ERP systems are often very costly, organizations must think thoroughly of whether does this ERP truly benefit the business, and at the same time whether business really needs to have an ERP. Conclusion An ERP system may be an exceptionally important device for each undertaking in which centre methodology could be supported by programming.